Afghan Policy: Graveyards of Apolitical Thought

 Afghan Policy: Graveyards of Apolitical Thought

In the context of the "Great Game" between Russia and Great Britain during the nineteenth century, the supposed Russian goal of reaching the warm waters of the Indian Ocean became irrelevant during the Cold War in the twentieth century. The port of Murmansk, built in the last years of tsarism, was also rendered insignificant by the fact that the Soviet Navy had nuclear-powered ships capable of sailing unimpeded through icy regions. Landlocked Afghanistan was ranked 73rd out of 83 developing countries in 1974. The per capita income in the country of 200 million people was 70 dollars. In the presence of strong ties with countries like Iran and Pakistan in the region, the importance of Afghanistan to the US was negligible, although there was Soviet influence in the form of Noor Muhammad Tarkai (Khalq Party) and Babrik Karmal (Parchum Party). In 1953, America overthrew Dr. Mossadeq in Iran with the active intervention of the CIA He had created great influence. The American role in saving West Pakistan from an unenviable situation in the Indo-Pak war of 1971 also effectively blocked the possible communist influence in the region. However, despite American intervention, the Bhutto government's desire for a balanced relationship with the Soviet Union was not pleasant for the United States. The Iranian revolution in February 1979 completely changed the dynamics of the region. The establishment of the anti-American reactionary Malay government in Iran was the end of American influence on the important passage of the Strait of Hormuz in the south of the Middle East. An additional angle was that the Soviet government had sheltered Babrik Karmel, the head of the Afghan Flag Party, in Czechoslovakia, so the Brezhnev government feared that the Khalq Party under the leadership of Hafizullah Amin might decide to go to the American camp. Realizing this danger, the Russian government killed Hafizullah Amin in December 1979 and killed Babrik Karmal.

In this game of conflicting interests, with the assumption of power by Pakistani dictator General Zia-ul-Haq, many twists and turns of American strategy were smoothed. In 2014, former senior CIA official Bruce Riddle wrote in his book What We Won: At the opening ceremony of America's Secret War in Afghanistan, he said, "Conceiving the Soviet resistance in Afghanistan as Charlie Wilson's war is a misunderstanding of history." The main character of this war was Pakistani President Zia-ul-Haq, who considered it part of his faith to fight the secular communists and expel them from Afghanistan. In this fight, the Arab brotherhood contributed one dollar for every US dollar. At one point, the Brotherhood's private funding for the Afghan Mujahideen reached two million dollars a month. Therefore, there was no possibility of any loss of life to America in this battle. However, Afghan and Pakistani citizens were under direct threat." In an important meeting, a CIA official said clearly that "We will prepare a tar doll for the Soviet Union in the case of Afghanistan. As enthusiastically as Russia He will pounce on this doll, he will sink into this liquid swamp. In this context, it was necessary to convince the world that the presence of Russia in Afghanistan poses a direct threat to the security of Pakistan and Iran. From this assumption, the story of access to hot waters was spun.

Riddle did not find it appropriate to say that Zia-ul-Haq was not merely an orthodox Muslim. Like a true dictator, he was worried about his pocket too. The Carter administration, along with Pakistan and Saudi Arabia, called Operation Cyclone a covert operation in Afghanistan. On July 3, 1979, Jimmy Carter signed $695,000 in propaganda aid for Operation Cyclone and hinted at another $400 million in aid, which Zia-ul-Haq derisively dismissed as peanuts. In January 1980, the Reagan administration increased this aid to $20 to $30 million annually. By 1987, the amount of aid had reached 630 million dollars a year. Apart from this, the US gave heavy aid to Pakistan in two phases in terms of economic and military support in return for the Afghan war. 1981. By 1987, there was a contract of 3.2 billion dollars while in 1987. 4 in six years of 93. 2 billion dollars aid was declared. The total aid received by Pakistan from other countries including USA, Saudi Arabia and China in return for Soviet resistance is estimated at 6 to 8 billion dollars. In this regard, the shipment of weapons arriving at Karachi port did not turn the most developed city of Pakistan into a slaughterhouse, the open patronage of Mujahideen from all over the world and domestic religious groups changed the face of Pakistani politics, economy and society. In 1980, the total number of religious madrasas in Pakistan was 300. In 2021, the number of these madrasas had exceeded 35000. Moreover, as a result of the refinement and indoctrination in government educational institutions, two generations had grown up who were semi-literate, mentally crippled and creatively barren in the name of education. (to be continued) But the lack of weapons that arrived did not turn the most developed city of Pakistan into a slaughterhouse, the open patronage of Mujahideen from around the world and domestic religious groups changed the face of Pakistani politics, economy and society. In 1980, the total number of religious madrasas in Pakistan was 300. In 2021, the number of these madrasas had exceeded 35000. Moreover, as a result of the refinement and indoctrination in government educational institutions, two such generations had grown up who were semi-literate, mentally crippled and creatively barren in the name of education. (to be continued) But the lack of weapons that arrived did not turn the most developed city of Pakistan into a slaughterhouse, the open patronage of Mujahideen from around the world and domestic religious groups changed the face of Pakistani politics, economy and society. In 1980, the total number of religious madrasas in Pakistan was 300. In 2021, the number of these madrasas had exceeded 35000.Moreover, as a result of the refinement and indoctrination in government educational institutions, two such generations had grown up who were semi-literate, mentally crippled and creatively barren in the name of education. (to be continued) had exceeded Moreover, as a result of the refinement and indoctrination in government educational institutions, two such generations had grown up who were semi-literate, mentally crippled and creatively barren in the name of education. (to be continued) had exceeded Moreover, as a result of the refinement and indoctrination in government educational institutions, two such generations had grown up who were semi-literate, mentally crippled and creatively barren in the name of education.